Deciding what to do next

For a fork in the road. People on what they stopped doing and how they knew, what they refuse to make more efficient, and where they think the consensus in their own field has it wrong.

112 people · 127 answers

What made you decide to stop something you were known for, and how did you know it was time?

Desmond Tutu

Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town; chair of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission; Nobel Peace Prize, 1984

I stopped being a teacher when the South African Government introduced a deliberately inferior education for blacks called Bantu education, and I felt I wasn’t ready to collaborate with…

Recorded · American Academy of Achievement · 2004

Suzanne Farrell

Ballerina and ballet master; répétiteur for the Balanchine Trust

By the time I admitted that I needed a hip operation, I had denied it for so long that it was a breakthrough to suddenly say, “I need this.” I knew I would probably never dance again, but I…

Recorded · Academy of Achievement (achievement.org)

Serena Williams

United States professional tennis player, 1995–2022

I have never liked the word retirement. It doesn't feel like a modern word to me.

Recorded · Vogue · 2022

Ellie Simmonds

British Paralympic swimmer, 2008–2021

I don't think I could go for another three years. I'm leaving it at the right time, I love it, I've absolutely had a wonderful competition and I've loved every minute of it.

Recorded · BBC Sport · 2021

Kobe Bryant

United States basketball player, Los Angeles Lakers, 1996–2016

You gave a six-year-old boy his Laker dream And I'll always love you for it. But I can't love you obsessively for much longer. This season is all I have left to give.

Recorded · The Players' Tribune · 2015

Roger Federer

Swiss professional tennis player, 1998–2022

As many of you know, the past three years have presented me with challenges in the form of injuries and surgeries. I've worked hard to return to full competitive form.

Recorded · Reuters · 2022

What is something everyone in your world agrees about that you think is wrong?

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist, orator, newspaper editor and U.S. diplomat; U.S. Marshal for the District of Columbia 1877–1881; U.S. Minister Resident to Haiti 1889–1891

I do not think much of the accident or good luck theory of self-made men. It is worth but little attention and has no practical value.

Recorded · Teaching American History, reproducing Frederick Douglass Papers, Library of Congress Manuscript Division

Wangari Maathai

Founder of the Green Belt Movement; Member of Parliament for Tetu, Kenya, 2002–2007; Assistant Minister for Environment and Natural Resources 2003–2005

Initially, the work was difficult because historically our people have been persuaded to believe that because they are poor, they lack not only capital, but also knowledge and skills to…

Recorded · The Nobel Foundation · 2004

Daniel Kahneman

Psychologist; laureate of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, 2002

Under the stress of the event, we felt, the soldiers' true nature would reveal itself, and we would be able to tell who would be a good leader and who would not.

Recorded · Nobel Prize Outreach · 2002

Esther Duflo

Development economist; laureate of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, 2019

I think it's … the profession is starting to realise that in part it's the general climate, and the way we treat each other is not conducive for having more women in the profession.

Recorded · Nobel Prize Outreach · 2019

Allyson Felix

United States sprinter, 2003–2022

If we have children, we risk pay cuts from our sponsors during pregnancy and afterward. It's one example of a sports industry where the rules are still mostly made for and by men.

Recorded · The New York Times · 2019

Geoff Dyer

Essayist and novelist

Don’t write in public places. In the early 1990s I went to live in Paris.

Recorded · The Guardian · 2010

What are you unwilling to optimise?

Anthony Fauci

Physician and immunologist; director of the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1984–2022

you have got to be totally honest and give advice and analysis that you’re asked to give that’s based on evidence.

Recorded · American Academy of Achievement · 2017

Alice Waters

Chef, restaurateur and food activist

There’s no such thing as cheap food. It can be affordable, but it can never be cheap.

Recorded · Earth Island Journal · 2015

Elie Wiesel

Writer and human rights advocate; Nobel Peace Prize laureate, 1986

It went from publisher to publisher to publisher. All of them refused it. They gave the same reasons, until a small publisher picked it up.

Recorded · American Academy of Achievement · 1996

Oliver Sacks

Neurologist and writer

I’ve had this concern all the time, but I can only hope that if one writes with appreciation and delicacy and respect, then it’s okay.

Recorded · American Academy of Achievement · 2000

Yvon Chouinard

Founder of Patagonia

One option was to sell Patagonia and donate all the money. But we couldn't be sure a new owner would maintain our values or keep our team of people around the world employed.

Recorded · Patagonia · 2022

Werner Herzog

Film director, screenwriter and opera director

It’s how we are made as homo sapiens. We are biologically organized to cover distances on foot.

Recorded · National Geographic · 2020

In the last five years, what have you become better at saying no to?

Jeanette Winterson

Novelist and essayist

Take no notice of anyone you don’t respect. […] Take no notice of anyone with a ­gender agenda. A lot of men still think that women lack imagination of the fiery kind.

Recorded · The Guardian · 2010

Allyson Felix

United States sprinter, 2003–2022

What I'm not willing to accept is the enduring status quo around maternity.

Recorded · The New York Times · 2019

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Novelist and essayist

To get this prize, I was required to talk about how important a particular European feminist woman writer had been to me.

Recorded · Wellesley College · 2015

Peter Doherty

Veterinary surgeon and immunologist; Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 1996

On returning to Brisbane, I realised fairly quickly that I am an experimentalist at heart. A career as a diagnostic virologist was not for me!

Recorded · Nobel Prize Outreach · 1996

Richard Ford

Novelist and short-story writer

Don’t read your reviews. […] Don’t write reviews. (Your judgment’s always tainted.) […] Don’t write letters to the editor. (No one cares.)

Recorded · The Guardian · 2010

Simone Biles

United States artistic gymnast

I just felt like it would be a little bit better to take a back seat, work on my mindfulness.

Recorded · Rev · 2021

Whose work makes you jealous?

Nick Cave

Songwriter, musician and novelist

I’m envious of people who don’t need that.

Recorded · BBC Radio 4

Jacinda Ardern

Prime Minister of New Zealand, 2017–2023; Leader of the Labour Party 2017–2023

Recently I had the privilege of joining ex German Chancellor, Angela Merkel on a panel. I have long been in awe of her leadership, not least for her endurance. She was in power for 16 years.

Recorded · Harvard Magazine · 2022

Dax Shepard

Actor and film-maker; host of the Armchair Expert podcast

I would always be tempted to take a movie I liked less if the payday was twice as much, and I’ve interviewed a couple people that grew up with wealth and I’ve watched them navigate their…

Recorded · The Tim Ferriss Show · 2020

Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Author and probability researcher; Distinguished Professor of Risk Engineering at NYU

I say envious of people who are erudite. Like if someone knows Latin very well, I’m envious. If someone knows Sanskrit, I’m envious. And I discovered that early on.

Recorded · The Tim Ferriss Show · 2023

Matthew Walker

Neuroscientist; professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley

there were a group of scientists from the University of Geneva who conducted a brilliant study.

Recorded · The Tim Ferriss Show · 2023

Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

Developmental biologist; Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 1995

I felt at the time that Eric was much more successful than I, he was extremely productive during his time in Zurich, and worked on many very original projects, germ line, cell lineage, sex…

Recorded · Nobel Prize Outreach · 1995

Everyone here · A–Z

Adam Peaty, Adam Zagajewski, Alice Waters, Allyson Felix, Amartya Sen, Andre Geim, Annie Proulx, Anthony Fauci, Barack Obama, Bong Joon-ho, Charlie Munger, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Chris Hoy, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Chuck Jones, Colm Tóibín, Corazon Aquino, Coretta Scott King, Dan Carter, Dan Pallotta, Daniel Kahneman, Darren Aronofsky, David Hockney, David Oyelowo, David Vélez, Dax Shepard, Derek Sivers, Desmond Tutu, Eleanor Roosevelt, Elie Wiesel, Elinor Ostrom, Elizabeth Blackburn, Ellie Simmonds, Esther Duflo, Frederick Douglass, Geoff Dyer, Halla Tómasdóttir, Henry R. Kravis, Hilary Mantel, Hiroshi Mikitani, Howard Marks, Jacinda Ardern, Jacqueline Novogratz, Jeanette Winterson, Jennifer Doudna, Jessye Norman, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Joe Lycett, John Banville, John C. Bogle, Joyce Carol Oates, Juana Molina, Kobe Bryant, Lee Berger, Lee Kuan Yew, Li Na, Linus Torvalds, Lynsey Addario, Marjane Satrapi, Marvin Minsky, Maryam Mirzakhani, Matthew Walker, Megan Rapinoe, Mellody Hobson, Mikhail Gorbachev, Muhammad Yunus, Naomi Osaka, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Nick Cave, Nithin Kamath, Nora Ephron, Oliver Sacks, Orhan Pamuk, Ory Okolloh, Óscar Arias Sánchez, Paul Graham, Peter Doherty, Peter Thiel, Rafael Nadal, Rahul Dravid, Ralph Nader, Reinhold Messner, Richard Ford, Richard Hamming, Roddy Doyle, Roger Federer, Roger Penrose, Ronald Reagan, Satya Nadella, Serena Williams, Shinya Yamanaka, Simone Biles, Sir Roger Bannister, Sonia Sotomayor, Sonny Rollins, Suzanne Farrell, Tadao Ando, Tom Stoppard, Tony Elumelu, Twyla Tharp, Ursula K. Le Guin, Wangari Maathai, Werner Herzog, Will Self, Willem Kolff, Wisława Szymborska, Wole Soyinka, Yehuda Amichai, Yves Bonnefoy, Yvon Chouinard, Zadie Smith

Other paths